2000 level Courses
Second Year Courses are broadly divided into Regional (20xx), General (21xx) and Program (22xx-29xx) courses. The Program Courses are further subdivided by discipline as follows
- 22xx : Technical courses (e.g. Statistics, Geographic Information Systems)
- 23xx : Physical/Environmental courses
- 24xx : Human/Urban Geography
- 29xx : Selected Topics courses that are used for one-off offerings, or to allow immediate offering of a course going through review.
Late Entry Options
The five second year courses listed below can be used for late entry into Geography and Environment Programs, to avoid having to take additional first year courses:
- Geography 2131A/B The Natural Environment
- Geography 2132A/B Digital Earth
- Geography 2133A/B Climate Change
- Geography 2152F/G Geography of Hazards
- Geography 2153A/B Environment, Economy and Society
2010A/B Geography of Canada
An overview of the regional geography of Canada. Topics considered may include demographics, culture, the economy, resources and environmental issues.
Extra Information: 3 lecture hours, 0.5 course.
2011A/B Ontario and the Great Lakes
A detailed examination of the province as part of the Great Lakes region, with special reference to its historical development, natural resources and patterns of human and economic activity.
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 0.5 course.
2041A Geography of China
This course adopts a geographic approach to understanding contemporary China. It examines how transformations of China’s land, people, economy, and society are recasting internal regional divisions and repositioning China in a rapidly changing world.
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 0.5 course.
2090A/B Space Exploration
Survey of human activity in outer space, including history of spaceflight, scientific exploration, economic and military uses of space, natural resources and hazards, legal and ethical implications, and plausible future developments.
Extra Information: 3 lecture hours, 0.5 course, ONLINE COURSE
2132B Digital Earth
This course uses online digital imagery and topography to access, analyze and interpret Earth surface landscapes and landscape change. Students are introduced to the use of digital landscapes, images and visualization software to explore and analyze the origin and development of selected landscapes in response to natural and human forces.
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 1 tutorial hour.
- Fall 2024 Course Outline
2133A Connecting for Climate Change Action (CC4CA)
Weaving together Eurowestern and Indigenous science and knowledge we explore the processes underlying human-induced climate change and the threats posed to both physical and social systems. Discuss and reflect on how you will be affected by climate change and practise ways to take action and influence our shared future.
Anti-requisites: Indigenous Studies 2133A/B.
Extra Information: 3 lecture hours, cross-listed with Indigenous Studies 2133A/B, 0.5 course.
2143A Foundations of Geography in the World of Business
Geographical theories of local and international trade; relationships between the location of production and flows of goods, services and factors of production among countries and regions; the geographical patterns of world commerce.
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 0.5 course.
2144A/B Geography of Tourism
Examination of tourism as a global, national and local phenomenon, with economic, social, and environmental impacts; emphasis on tourism in developing countries; hosts, guests, and tourism operators; tourism trends; mass versus alternative tourism; relationship between ‘ecotourism’ and nature protection.
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 1 tutorial hour, 0.5 course.
2152F/G Geography of Hazards
A survey of the methods and models used to understand human responses to hazards. The course reviews the rich tradition of hazards research in geography, particularly through the lens of social science. The course will include discussions of both so-called "natural hazards" (e.g., floods, fires, earthquakes) and "technological hazards" (e.g., nuclear technology, genetically modified organisms, terrorism, war) as examples.
Extra Information: 3 lecture hours, 0.5 course.
2153B Environment, Economy, and Society
The human uses of and impacts on environment and resources; the concept of sustainability; current resource issues.
Extra Information: 3 lecture hours, 0.5 course.
2160B Healthy Cities
A survey course exploring the connections between urban environments, health, and wellbeing, including key historical developments, theories, problems, and solutions. Hands-on activities throughout will teach skills and knowledge suitable for careers in planning, urban development, public health, medicine, business, civil engineering, and municipal government.
Extra Information: 2 instructional hours, 1 lab hour, 0.5 course.
2162B Planning Sustainable Cities
This course introduces students to the key principles of community planning. It considers the social, environmental, and economic facets of urban sustainability, and uses case studies from Canada and internationally to demonstrate how planning processes can transform cities.
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 0.5 course.
2210B Introduction to Statistics for Geographers
An introduction to the nature of geographical analysis of data and the application of statistical techniques and computing systems in Geography: data collection, research design, sampling; models of spatial data, probability, distributions, hypothesis testing, correlation and regression.
Antirequisite(s): Biology 2244A/B, Economics 2122A/B, Economics 2222A/B, Health Sciences 3801A/B, MOS 2242A/B, the former Psychology 2810, the former Psychology 2820E, Psychology 2811A/B, Psychology 2830A/B, Psychology 2850A/B, Psychology 2851A/B, Social Work 2207A/B, Sociology 2205A/B, Statistical Sciences 2035, Statistical Sciences 2141A/B, Statistical Sciences 2143A/B, Statistical Sciences 2244A/B, Statistical Sciences 2858A/B, Statistical Sciences 2037A/B if taken prior to Fall 2010.
Prerequisite(s): 1.0 course from Geography 1100, Geography 1200A/B, Geography 1300A/B, Geography 1400F/G, Geography 1500F/G, Geography 2131A/B, Geography 2132A/B, Geography 2133A/B, Geography 2152F/G, Geography 2153A/B, Geography 2160A/B, Environmental Science 1021F/G; or enrolment in the Major in Physical Geography and Environment, in the Certificate in Geographic Information Science, or in an Honours Earth Science Program for Professional Registration.
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.
2220A Geographic Information Science I
An introduction to fundamentals and principles of Geographic Information Science, emphasizing both applied and theoretical aspects of digital mapping, spatial data handling, and spatial analysis using both vector and raster data. Practical skills are developed through the use of Geographic Information Systems.
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.
2230B Remote Sensing
Introduction to the principles, techniques, and geographic applications of remote sensing systems. Computer processing of remote sensing digital data. Interface of remote sensing data with geographic information systems.
Prerequisite(s): 1.0 from Geography 1100, Geography 1200A/B, Geography 1300A/B, Geography 1400F/G, Geography 1500F/G, Geography 2131A/B, Geography 2132A/B, Geography 2133A/B, Geography 2142A/B, Geography 2152F/G, Geography 2153A/B, Environmental Science 1021F/G; or registration in a module in Science or in Engineering, in the Major in Physical Geography and Environment, in the Certificate in Geographic Information Science, or in the Commercial Aviation Management program in MOS.
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hour, 0.5 course. Limited enrollment.
2310B Weather and Climate
Fundamentals of the physical processes underlying weather and climate; radiant energy, energy balances, clouds, atmospheric dynamics and thermodynamics; principles of the "Greenhouse Effect", mid-latitude cyclones and aspects of weather forecasting, severe weather phenomenon and atmospheric optics.
Prerequisite(s): 1.0 course from Geography 1100, Geography 1200A/B, Geography 1300A/B, Geography 1400F/G, Geography 1500F/G, Geography 2131A/B, Geography 2132A/B, Geography 2133A/B, Geography 2142A/B, Geography 2152F/G, Geography 2153A/B; or 0.5 course from Mathematics, Applied Mathematics, Calculus, Environmental Science or Physics at 1000-1999 level; or enrolment in the Major in Physical Geography and Environment or in an Honours Earth Science Program for Professional Registration.
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.
2320A Introductory Biogeography
Spatial distributions of plants and animals; evolutionary and environmental controls on distributions; impacts of human settlement.
Prerequisite(s): 1.0 course from Geography 1100, Geography 1200A/B, Geography 1300A/B, Geography 1400F/G, Geography 1500F/G, Geography 2131A/B, Geography 2132A/B, Geography 2133A/B, Geography 2142A/B, Geography 2152F/G, Geography 2153A/B, Environmental Science 1021F/G; or enrolment in the Major in Physical Geography and Environment.
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 1 laboratory hour, 0.5 course.
2411G Indigenous Environments
The consequences of physical environmental change for Indigenous communities around the globe will be examined in relation to the processes of colonialism and environmental dispossession. Topics include: identity, culture, local economies, social functioning, food security and health.
Antirequisite(s): Indigenous Studies 2601F/G.
Prerequisite(s): 1.0 course from Environmental Science 1021F/G, Indigenous Studies 1020E, Geography 1100, Geography 1200A/B, Geography 1300A/B, Geography 1400F/G, Geography 1500F/G, Geography 2131A/B, Geography 2132A/B, Geography 2133A/B, Geography 2142A/B, Geography 2152F/G, Geography 2153A/B; GSWS 1020E, Health Sciences 1001A/B and Health Sciences 1002A/B; Sociology 1020, Sociology 1021E, Sociology 1025A/B, Sociology 1026F/G, Sociology 1027A/B or enrolment in the Major in Ecosystem Health or in any of the Globalization Studies modules, or permission from the Instructor.
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 1 tutorial hour, 0.5 course.
2412F Indigenous Health and Healthcare Environments
The forces reshaping global economic geography; fundamentals of spatial economics; principles of locational decisions; spatial interaction; and growth of spatial economic systems are examined. Examples of these concepts are taken from a variety of countries.
Prerequisite(s): 1.0 course from Geography 1100, Geography 1200A/B, Geography 1300A/B, Geography 1400F/G, Geography 1500F/G, Geography 2131A/B, Geography 2132A/B, Geography 2133A/B, Geography 2152F/G, Geography 2153A/B, Geography 2160A/B, Environmental Science 1021F/G; Economics 1021A/B, Economics 1022A/B; MOS 1021A/B, MOS 1023A/B, or enrolment in any of the Globalization Studies modules.
Extra Information: 3 lecture hours,0.5 course.
2420A Economic Geography
The forces reshaping global economic geography; fundamentals of spatial economics; principles of locational decisions; spatial interaction; and growth of spatial economic systems are examined. Examples of these concepts are taken from a variety of countries.
Extra Information: 3 lecture hours,0.5 course.
2430A Public Health and Environment
This course introduces students to current issues in public health and the environment. Theory, method and case study discussions focus on the important role of geography in understanding and explaining patterns of diseases, health and health care in communities, regions and nations.
Prerequisite(s): 1.0 course from Geography 1100, Geography 1200A/B, Geography 1300A/B, Geography 1400F/G, Geography 1500F/G, Geography 2131A/B, Geography 2132A/B, Geography 2133A/B, Geography 2142A/B, Geography 2152F/G, Geography 2153A/B, Environmental Science 1021F/G; Health Sciences 1001A/B and Health Sciences 1002A/B; Sociology 1020, Sociology 1021E, Sociology 1025A/B, Sociology 1026F/G, Sociology 1027A/B or enrolment in the Major in Ecosystem Health or in any of the Global Development Studies modules, or permission of the instructor.
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 1 tutorial hour, 0.5 course.
2460G Introduction to Urban Development
Growth, structure and morphology in industrial and post-industrial cities; theories of, and empirical research on, urban form and structure; land development decision making; development feasibility modelling; urban land-use policy.
Prerequisite(s): 1.0 course from Geography 1100, Geography 1200A/B, Geography 1300A/B, Geography 1400F/G, Geography 1500F/G, Geography 2131A/B, Geography 2132A/B, Geography 2133A/B, Geography 2142A/B, Geography 2152F/G, Geography 2153A/B, Environmental Science 1021F/G, or Economics 1021A/B or Economics 1022A/B, or enrolment in any of the Global Development Studies or Globalization Studies modules.
Extra Information: 3 lecture hours, 0.5 course.
