2014-2015 Course Information

A systematic descriptive introduction to the diverse elements of landscape including geomorphic, climatic, and biotic elements, human settlement and land-use patterns; cartographic approaches to the analysis of selected processes of landscape change; an introduction to the synthesis of elements and processes in spatial systems models.

Antirequisite(s):Geography 1300A/B, 1400F/G, or the former Geography 020E.

Extra Information:3 lecture hours, 1.0 course.

• Course Outline

Physical Geography examines the phenomena and processes of the Earth-atmosphere system that underlie human environment interactions and environmental change. Topics include: the atmosphere and fundamentals of weather and climate, water in the environment, Earth surface processes and biogeography.

Antirequisite(s):Geography 1100, 2131A/B, or the former Geography 020E.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.

• Course Outline

This course introduces students to the central problems, concepts, methods and applications of human geography. It pays particular attention to the ways humans interact with the world; for example, population growth, use of natural resources, culturally-based activities, urbanization and settlements, agricultural activities, and industrialization.

Antirequisite(s):Geography 1100

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.

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Examines environmental change over long periods of earth history, considering both physical processes and human impacts. An integrative approach provides a basis for understanding some of the world's most pressing environment and development challenges, such as biodiversity loss, desertification, climate change, energy consumption, and persistent hunger and malnourishment.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 1 tutorial hour, 0.5 course.

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An overview of the regional geography of Canada. Topics considered may include demographics, culture, the economy, resources and environmental issues.

Extra Information:3 lecture hours, 0.5 course.

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A detailed examination of the province as part of the Great Lakes region, with special reference to its historical development, natural resources and patterns of human and economic activity.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 0.5 course.

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This course provides an introduction to the geography of Africa south of the Sahara. The course will take a systematic approach. Economic, political, social and environmental issues will be examined with a focus on contemporary patterns of change within the context of the global economy.

Extra Information:2 hours, 0.5 course.

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An introduction to the region. Issues examined include ethnic relationships, social structure, population distribution, environmental awareness and resource utilization.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 1 tutorial hour, 0.5 course

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This course adopts a geographic approach to understanding contemporary China. It examines how transformations of China’s land, people, economy, and society are recasting internal regional divisions and repositioning China in a rapidly changing world.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 1 tutorial hour, 0.5 course.

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Investigation of geographical factors in the political, economic and social patterns of Western Europe; selected themes and case studies

Antirequisite(s):The former Geography 366a/b.

Extra Information:3 lecture hours, 0.5 course

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A global perspective on urbanism. In each session a selected city is used to emphasize a particular urban problem, urban spatial structure or world region.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 0.5 course.

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This course introduces students to the interactions between rivers, their physiographic environments, and human activities.

Antirequisite(s):The former Geography 2071A/B.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 1 practical work hour, 0.5 course.

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Survey of human activity in outer space, including history of spaceflight, scientific exploration, economic and military uses of space, natural resources and hazards, legal and ethical implications, and plausible future developments.

Extra Information:3 lecture hours, 0.5 course.

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An introduction to geographic information science including maps and cartography. Principles of navigation, map reading, image interpretation and route planning. Aspects of information representation, organization and visualization, remote sensing imagery, and field instrumentation and techniques. Practical work on the above topics.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.

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An examination of the characteristics, origins and history of selected natural environments with particular reference to North America.

Antirequisite(s):Geography 1300A/B

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 1 tutorial hour, 0.5 course.

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This course examines the processes that underlie natural and human-induced climate change at global and regional scales and describes the resultant climates that have existed, those projected to occur in the future, and what impacts climate change has and will have on the physical and human environment.

Extra Information:3 lecture hours, 0.5 course

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An exploration of the geographical setting in which political decisions are taken. The history of the rise and fall of centres of power, the rise of supranational entities, ethnic wars, and the impermanence of international boundaries will be discussed.

Antirequisite(s):The former Geography 341a/b.

Extra Information:3 lecture hours, 0.5 course.

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Geographical theories of local and international trade; relationships between the location of production and flows of goods, services and factors of production among countries and regions; the geographical patterns of world commerce.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 0.5 course.

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Examination of tourism as a global, national and local phenomenon, with economic, social, and environmental impacts; emphasis on tourism in developing countries; hosts, guests, and tourism operators; tourism trends; mass versus alternative tourism; relationship between ‘ecotourism’ and nature protection.

Antirequisite(s):The former Geography 2144F/G.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 1 tutorial hour, 0.5 course.

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A survey of the methods and models used to understand human responses to hazards. The course reviews the rich tradition of hazards research in geography, particularly through the lens of social science. The course will include discussions of both so-called "natural hazards" (e.g., floods, fires, earthquakes) and "technological hazards" (e.g., nuclear technology, genetically modified organisms, terrorism, war) as examples.

Antirequisite(s):The former Geography 2152A/B.

Extra Information:3 lecture hours, 0.5 course.

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The human uses of and impacts on environment and resources; the concept of sustainability; current resource issues.

Extra Information:3 lecture hours, 0.5 course.

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Principles and processes of land use planning for urban and regional development; current issues and case studies.

Antirequisite(s):Geography 3462F/G, 3461F/G

Extra Information:3 lecture hours, 0.5 course.

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An introduction to the nature of geographical data and the application of quantitative and statistical techniques and computing systems to spatial analysis; models of spatial data, probability, distributions, hypothesis testing and correlations.

Antirequisite(s):Biology 2244A/B, Economics 2122A/B, 2222A/B, Health Sciences 3801A/B, MOS 2242A/B, Psychology 2810, 2820E, 2830A/B, 2850A/B, 2851A/B, the former 2885, Social Work 2207A/B, the former 2205, Sociology 2205A/B, Statistical Sciences 2035, 2141A/B, 2143A/B, 2244A/B, 2858A/B and the former 2122A/B (and Statistical Sciences 2037A/B if taken before Fall 2010).

Prerequisite(s):1.0 course from Geography 1100, 1300A/B, 1400F/G, 1500F/G, 2131A/B, 2153A/B (taken after September 2012), or the former Geography 020E; or enrolment in the Major in Physical Geography or in an Honors Earth Science Program for Professional Registration.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.

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Fundamental concepts, geographic information representation and spatial data entry. Basic spatial analysis and remote sensing. Practical skills developed through use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS).

Prerequisite(s):1.0 course from Geography 1100, 1300A/B, 1400F/G, 1500F/G, 2131A/B, 2153A/B (taken after September 2012), or registration in a module in Science or in Engineering.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.

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Introduction to the principles, techniques, and geographic applications of remote sensing systems. Computer processing of remote sensing digital data. Interface of remote sensing data with geographic information systems.

Antirequisite(s):The former Geography 307a/b.

Prerequisite(s):1.0 course from Geography 1100, 1300A/B, 1400F/G, 1500F/G, 2131A/B, 2153A/B (taken after September 2012), or the former Geography 020E; or completion of the second year of the Civil and Environmental Engineering, International Development Option; or enrolment in the Major in Physical Geography or in an Honors Earth Science Program for Professional Registration.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course. Limited enrolment.

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Introduction to cartographic theory, map design and drafting, including practical experience with many methods of graphic representation of spatial data.

Prerequisite(s):1.0 course from Geography 1100, 1300A/B, 1400F/G, 1500F/G, 2131A/B, 2153A/B (taken after September 2012), or the former Geography 020E; or enrolment in the Major in Physical Geography.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.

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Fundamentals of the physical processes underlying weather and climate; radiant energy, energy balances, clouds, atmospheric dynamics and thermodynamics; principles of the "Greenhouse Effect", mid-latitude cyclones and aspects of weather forecasting, severe weather phenomenon and atmospheric optics.

Prerequisite(s):1.0 course from Geography 1100, 1300A/B, 1400F/G, 1500F/G, 2131A/B, 2153A/B (taken after September 2012), or the former Geography 020E; or 0.5 course from Mathematics, Applied Mathematics, Calculus, Environmental Science or Physics at 1000-1999 level; or enrolment in the Major in Physical Geography or in an Honors Earth Science Program for Professional Registration.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.

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Spatial distributions of plants and animals; evolutionary and environmental controls on distributions; impacts of human settlement.

Prerequisite(s):1.0 course from Geography 1100, 1300A/B, 1400F/G, 1500F/G, 2131A/B, 2153A/B (taken after September 2012), or the former Geography 020E; or enrolment in the Major in Physical Geography.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 1 laboratory hour, 0.5 course.

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Water and sediment cycles at the earth's surface and explanation of the resultant landforms; examples of response to environmental change; selected applications to environmental management.

Prerequisite(s):1.0 course from Geography 1100, 1300A/B, 1400F/G, 1500F/G, 2131A/B, 2153A/B (taken after September 2012), or the former Geography 020E; or 0.5 course from Earth Sciences 1022A/B or 1081A/B; or enrolment in the Major in Physical Geography or in an Honors Earth Science Program for Professional Registration.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.

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A geographical investigation of the links between spatial change and social processes. Selected topics will focus on the ways social relations, identities and inequalities are created and practiced over space, with examples from Canadian and international contexts.

Antirequisite(s):The former 329a/b.

Prerequisite(s):1.0 course from Geography 1100, 1300A/B, 1400F/G, 1500F/G, 2131A/B, 2153A/B (taken after September 2012), or the former Geography 020E, or enrolment in any of the Global Culture Studies modules.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.

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The consequences of physical environmental change for Indigenous communities around the globe will be examined in relation to the processes of colonialism and environmental dispossession. Topics include: identity, culture, local economies, social functioning, food security and health.

Antirequisite(s):First Nations Studies 2601F/G.

Prerequisite(s):1.0 course from Geography 1100, 1300A/B, 1400F/G, 1500F/G, 2131A/B, 2153A/B (taken after September 2012), or First Nations Studies 1020E; Women's Studies 1020E, Health Sciences 1001A/B and Health Sciences 1002A/B or the former Health Sciences 1000; Sociology 1020, 1021E, 1025A/B, 1026F/G, 1027A/B or enrolment in the Major in Ecosystem Health or in any of the Globalization Studies modules, or permission from the Instructor.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 1 tutorial hours, 0.5 course.

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The forces reshaping global economic geography; fundamentals of spatial economics; principles of locational decisions; spatial interaction; and growth of spatial economic systems are examined. Examples of these concepts are taken from a variety of countries.

Prerequisite(s):1.0 course from Geography 1100, 1300A/B, 1400F/G, 1500F/G, 2131A/B, 2153A/B (taken after September 2012), or the former Geography 020E; Economics 1020, 1021A/B, 1022A/B; MOS 1021A/B, 1023A/B or the former MOS 1020A/B, or enrolment in any of the Globalization Studies modules.

Extra Information:3 lecture hours, 0.5 course.

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This course introduces students to current issues in public health and the environment. Theory, method and case study discussions focus on the important role of geography in understanding and explaining patterns of diseases, health and health care in communities, regions and nations.

Prerequisite(s):1.0 course from Geography 1100, 1300A/B, 1400F/G, 1500F/G, 2131A/B, 2153A/B (taken after September 2012), or the former Geography 020E; Health Sciences 1001A/B and Health Sciences 1002A/B; or the former Health Sciences 1000; Sociology 1020, 1021E or enrolment in the Major in Ecosystem Health or in any of the Global Development Studies modules, or permission of the instructor.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 1 tutorial hour, 0.5 course.

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A geographical introduction to natural resources and their management; juxtaposition of global and Canadian resources and environmental conditions and the human management response.

Prerequisite(s):1.0 course from Geography 1100, 1300A/B, 1400F/G, 1500F/G, 2131A/B, 2153A/B (taken after September 2012), or the former Geography 020E, or enrolment in any of the Global Development Studies modules.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 1 laboratory hour, 0.5 course.

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Growth, structure and morphology in industrial and post-industrial cities; theories of, and empirical research on, urban form and structure; land development decision making; development feasibility modelling; urban land-use policy.

Prerequisite(s):1.0 course from Geography 1100, 1300A/B, 1400F/G, 1500F/G, 2131A/B, 2153A/B (taken after September 2012), or the former Geography 020E, or Economics 1021A/B or 1022A/B, or enrolment in any of the Global Development Studies or Globalization Studies modules.

Extra Information:3 lecture hours, 0.5 course.

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Departmental field trips to develop student skills in field-based observation, data collection and recording, and analysis and interpretation of human and physical landscapes. Mandatory for students in any Honors Specialization module in the Department of Geography.

Prerequisite(s):3rd year status in any Specialization or Honors Specialization module in the Department of Geography; limited enrolment may be available to students in 3rd or 4th year of a major in the Department of Geography.

Extra Information:Sessions and dates by arrangements. Students should be prepared to meet the necessary travel and living expenses. 0.5 course.

• Course Outline- 001

This is an advanced community-based experiential course that combines in-class discussions with community based research. Students will train in methodologies and ethics of working with First Nations communities. Areas of research may include but not limited to ecological restoration, land claims, self-government, education, health and wellness and urban issue.

Antirequisite(s):Geography 3000Y, First Nations Studies 4023F/G.

Prerequisite(s):Permission of the Department and 3rd or 4th year status in any Specialization or Honors Specialization module in the Department of Geography.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 0.5 course.

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Simple parametric and nonparametric statistical methods through multiple regression are introduced. Exploratory data analysis techniques are examined as a supplement to more traditional statistical methods. Geography specific techniques are also presented.

Antirequisite(s):All other senior level statistics courses numbered 2000 or above.

Prerequisite(s):Geography 2210A/B or Biology 2244A/B or Statistical Sciences 2244A/B.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.

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Topics include exploratory spatial data analysis, global and local spatial statistics, spatial autocorrelation and interpolation, spatial regression models, and geographically weighted regression. The emphasis will be on developing analytical skills with practical applications using statistical software and Geographic Information Systems.

Prerequisite(s):Third or fourth year status at the University, Geography 2220A/B and one of Geography 2210A/B, Biology 2244A/B or Statistical Sciences 2244A/B, or other equivalent, or permission of the instructor.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 2 lab hours, 0.5 course (main campus) Limited enrolment.

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Methods and techniques in Geographic Information Science. Spatial data encoding from maps and geographic database implementation. Spatial interpolation and other modeling techniques. Integration of remote sensing, GIS and Visualization. Hands-on experience using ESRI, ArcGIS software.

Prerequisite(s):Geography 2210A/B or Biology 2244A/B or Statistical Sciences 2244A/B and Geography 2220A/B.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.

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Principles of integrating GIS and Decision Analysis. Selected GIS-based decision-making techniques are applied in practical sessions. A range of applications from both public and private sector organizations are covered.

Prerequisite(s):Geography 2220A/B.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 2 practical work hours, 0.5 course.

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Themes to be considered may include: advanced computer analysis of digital satellite and airborne data (optical, infrared and radar), advanced image classification methods, texture analysis, change detection, automatic linear feature extraction, structural pattern recognition and remote sensing applications. Remote sensing software will be used in lab.

Prerequisite(s):Geography 2230A/B or the former Geography 307a/b

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 2 practical work hours, 0.5 course.

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Advanced cartographic project design and implementation. Image processing, geographic information systems, remote sensing, computer graphics programming, 2- and 3- dimensional representations; interface design; data manipulation.

Prerequisite(s):Third or fourth year status at the University including Geography 2240A/B. Geography 2220A/B or Computer Science 1026A/B or the former Computer Science 028a/b are recommended.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.

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A survey of a range of social scientific methods for studying humans (e.g., interviews, questionnaires); with an emphasis on research designs involving human interaction. Topics include identifying research problems, questions and designs, sources of error, ethics and values in research, methods of data collection, data analysis and presentation of findings.

Antirequisite(s):The former Geography 2250A/B (the former 237a/b).

Prerequisite(s):Two full courses in Geography and third or fourth year status at the University.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.

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Examination of spatially and temporally distributed environmental models that use Geographic Information Systems and remote sensing techniques. Modelling of watershed systems, focusing on the energy, water, and biogeochemical cycles. Prediction of environmental and/or ecological change on watershed systems.

Prerequisite(s):Third or fourth year status at the University including Geography 2210A/B, 2220A/B and at least one of Geography 2310A/B, 2320A/B, 2330A/B or the former 2340A/B, or equivalent.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 2 practical hours, 0.5 course. Limited enrolment.

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Principles of weather and climate at micro-, local, and meso-scales; processes associated with transfer of heat, mass, and momentum and resulting climates near the surface; local winds, fog, urban climates and air pollution.

Prerequisite(s):One of Geography 2310A/B, 2320A/B or 2330A/B, or at least 3rd year standing in an Environmental Science or Earth Sciences program. (A 1000-1099 level course in Applied Mathematics, Mathematics, or Physics is also recommended).

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.

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Analysis of drainage basin form and process, including fluvial processes on hillslopes, channel networks, the drainage basin sediment cascade, response of drainage basins to environmental change and selected applications to drainage basin management.

Prerequisite(s):One of Geography 2310A/B, 2320A/B or 2330A/B, or at least 3rd year standing in an Environmental Science or Earth Sciences program.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.

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The geomorphology of rivers, including fluvial hydraulics, fluvial erosion and sediment transport, river channel morphology and dynamics, channel and floodplain sedimentation, the response of rivers to human activities and environmental change, and applications to river channel management.

Prerequisite(s):One of Geography 2310A/B, 2320A/B or 2330A/B, or at least 3rd year standing in an Environmental Science or Earth Sciences program.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.

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This course introduces students to riverine ecosystems. General principles of the physical, chemical and biological patterns and processes of river systems are presented in a landscape context. The course emphasizes human driven landscape changes in the health and sustainability of river systems and teaches techniques for river monitoring and assessment.

Prerequisite(s):One of Geography 2310A/B, 2320A/B, 2330A/B, Biology 2483A/B, 2485A/B, Earth Sciences 2230A/B

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 1 laboratory hour, 0.5 course

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The evidence, causes, and chronology of environmental change, with emphasis on the Holocene in North America.

Prerequisite(s):One of Geography 2310A/B, 2320A/B or 2330A/B, or at least 3rd year standing in an Environmental Science or Earth Sciences program.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.

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This course provides students with an introduction to paleolimnology, which uses the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of lake sediments to determine past environments.

Prerequisite(s):One of Geography 2310A/B, 2320A/B or 2330A/B, or at least 3rd year standing in an Environmental Science or Earth Sciences program.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.

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A geographic investigation of urban culture focusing on the design, use and identities of urban public spaces as evidenced through systematic observations of social life in urban public settings. Relevant concepts, theories, and field methods are applied to guide and critique the investigation.

Prerequisite(s):Two full courses in Geography and third or fourth year status at the University.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 2 tutorial hours, 0.5 course.

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An examination of the spatial behavior of large corporations and the impact on regional economics. Investment pattern, interorganizational linkages and organizational change will be discussed.

Prerequisite(s):Geography 2420A/B, or Geography 2143A/B with a grade of at least 70%, or enrolment in the Bachelor of Management and Organizational Studies.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 1 seminar hour, 0.5 course.

• Course Outline

A critical examination of the major themes in the geography of health and health care. The focus will be on the importance of understanding place, space and environment as they relate to health. Geographical aspects of health inequalities, access and utilization will be explored.

Prerequisite(s):Geography 2430A/B or a related 2000-level course in Health Sciences, Sociology or Psychology, or permission of the instructor.

Extra Information:3 lecture hours, 0.5 course.

• Course Outline

Examines struggles between conservation and economic development in a North-South context, setting the transformation of natural ecosystems and impoverishment of biodiversity in a political economic context that includes disparities in wealth, consumption, and ‘ecological footprints'.

Prerequisite(s):Third or fourth year status at the University. Two full courses in Geography or equivalent, or enrolment in the Minor in Environment and Culture, in any of the Global Development Studies modules, or permission of the instructor.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 1 tutorial hour, 0.5 course.

• Course Outline

A thematic course on the geography of development. Common explanations for poverty and underdevelopment are critically assessed. Covers a range of scales (local, national, international, global) to demonstrate how processes operating at various scales interact to produce uneven geographical outcomes.

Prerequisite(s):Third or fourth year status at the University. Two full courses in Geography or equivalent, or enrolment in the Minor in Environment and Culture or in any of the Global Development Studies modules, or permission of the instructor.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 1 tutorial hour, 0.5 course.

• Course Outline

Food is a basic human need and agriculture is one of the most fundamental ways that societies interact with their habitats. This course examines the diversity of world agriculture and the rise of a dominant industrial system, focusing on both the social and environmental dimensions of agrarian change.

Prerequisite(s):Third or fourth year status at the University.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 1 tutorial hours, 0.5 course.

• Course Outline

Critical examination of current land use and development projects; students are required actively to participate in the discussions.

Prerequisite(s):Third or fourth year status at the University.

Extra Information:3 seminar hours, 0.5 course.

• Course Outline

Basic techniques for preparing, implementing, and applying land use plans and zoning controls.

Prerequisite(s):Third or fourth year status at the University.

Extra information:3 seminar hours, 0.5 course.

• Course Outline

This course explores the geography of housing in North American cities from an historical perspective, with a detailed investigation of the effects of land development, construction, financing, planning, public policy, demographics and lifestyle changes on the production and consumption of residential landscapes.

Prerequisite(s):Third or fourth year status at the University.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 2 tutorial hour, 0.5 course.

• Course Outline

The object of the course is to expose students to the theoretical and empirical underpinnings of urban form and structure. A major focus is on static development feasibility models and their application to understanding urban change. The course provides a hands-on experience for students to build financial feasibility models of urban developments.

Antirequisite(s):The former Geography 377F/G, 378F/G, and 3460E.

Prerequisite(s):Geography 2460F/G. Business Administration 2257 is strongly recommended.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 1 tutorial hours, 0.5 course.

• Course Outline

This course examines policies used in economic development to ensure growth and competitiveness of urban economies. Topics include theories of urban economic development, analytical techniques for evaluating urban economies, business recruitment and retention policies, creative economy and quality of life policies, technology policies, and place-based economic development policies.

Prerequisite(s):Third or fourth year status; At least one of Geography 1400F/G, 2210A/B, 2220A/B, 2420A/B or 2460F/G.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 1 tutorial hour, 0.5 course.

• Course Outline

This course introduces students to the geography of urban transportation from a behavioral perspective. The course has three components: developing theories, constructing analytical models, and conducting empirical tests of the concepts and theories. Case studies will cover various modes of transportation: air, railway, bus, ocean freight, and private vehicle.

Prerequisite(s):Geography 2210A/B* and 0.5 from Economics 1021A/B, Geography 2143A/B, 2420A/B, or permission of the instructor. (*One of the following courses can substitute for Geography 2210A/B: Biology 2244A/B, Economics 2122A/B, 2222A/B, Health Sciences 3801A/B, MOS 2242A/B, Psychology 2810, 2820E, 2850A/B, 2851A/B, the former Psychology 2885, Social Work 2207A/B, the former Social Work 2205, Sociology 2205A/B, Statistical Sciences 2141A/B, 2143A/B, 2244A/B, 2858A/B and the former Statistical Sciences 2122A/B).

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 1 lab/tutorial hour, 0.5 course.

• Course Outline

Discussion of geographical paradigms within an historical and social context. A central concern is the relationship between the academic and professional practice of geography.

Antirequisite(s):The former Geography 348a/b.

Prerequisite(s):Fourth year status, and enrolment in a Specialization, Major or Honors Specialization in the Department of Geography.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 0.5 course.

• Course Outline

This advanced seminar focuses on effective strategies for the implementation of constructive change. Core constructs are examined and students use a variety of media to develop skill sets related to the facilitation of constructive change. A heavy premium is placed on active engagement both individually and in group activities.

Antirequisite(s):The former Geography 3452A/B.

Prerequisite(s):Two courses or equivalent in Geography and third or fourth year status at the University or permission from the instructor.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 0.5 course.

• Course Outline

The course is a continuation of Geography 3464F/G. The object of the course is to expose students to the theoretical and empirical underpinnings of urban form and structure. A major focus is on understanding the theories, acquiring the techniques to test the theories, and critiquing the approaches employed for the empirical tests.

Antirequisite(s):The former Geography 377F/G, 378F/G, and 3460E.

Prerequisite(s):Geography 2210A/B and Geography 3464F/G. Geography 2420A/B and 3210A/B are strongly recommended.

Extra Information:2 lecture hours, 1 tutorial hours, 0.5 course.

• Course Outline

A thesis on a geographical problem including the results of field work, cartographic representation, and a study of the relevant literature.

Prerequisite(s):Fourth year status, and enrolment in an Honors program with a Specialization or Major in the Department of Geography.

Extra Information:Hours by arrangement, 1.5 course.

A thesis on a geographical problem in the natural, physical or technical sciences.

Prerequisite(s):Fourth year status, and enrolment in an Honors program with a Specialization or Major in the Department of Geography.

Extra Information:Hours by arrangement, 1.5 course.